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Subsidies

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With over 10 years of experience, the IISD Global Subsidies Initiative (GSI) is widely recognized as world-class leader in the quantification, evaluation and reform of subsidies.

Governments around the world spend at least a trillion dollars a year on subsidies to exploit the world's natural resources. But faced with increasing fiscal constraints, and concerned about making their economies cleaner, more inclusive and stable, governments are under increasing pressure to change course.

GSI works closely with governments to help them move away from subsidies that hinder sustainability. The goal is to encourage individual governments to undertake unilateral reforms on subsidy policy where these would deliver clear economic, environmental and social benefits. GSI also aims to generate a consensus in the World Trade Organization and in other forums on the need to take resolute, ongoing and systematic action to reduce or eliminate subsidies that are trade-distorting and undermine sustainable development.

  • Paper
    Assessing the Cost-Effectiveness of Renewable Energy Deployment Subsidies: Onshore wind power in Germany and China

    Assessing the Cost-Effectiveness of Renewable Energy Deployment Subsidies: Onshore wind power in Germany and China

    This study reviews deployment subsidies for onshore wind in two countries, Germany and China.Its primary goal is to better inform debates about...

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  • Paper
    Assessing the Cost-Effectiveness of Renewable Energy Deployment Subsidies: Solar PV in Germany and Spain

    Assessing the Cost-Effectiveness of Renewable Energy Deployment Subsidies: Solar PV in Germany and Spain

    This study reviews deployment subsidies for solar PV in two European countries, Germany and Spain. It forms one of a series of three looking at the cost-effectiveness of renewable energy deployment subsidies, each one focusing on different technologies and countries.

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  • Paper
    Assessing the Cost-Effectiveness of Renewable Energy Deployment Subsidies: Biomass power in the United Kingdom and Germany

    Assessing the Cost-Effectiveness of Renewable Energy Deployment Subsidies: Biomass power in the United Kingdom and Germany

    This study reviews deployment subsidies for biomass power in two European countries, Germany and the United Kingdom.Its primary goal is to better...

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  • Speech
    RE-ARCTIC: Promoting renewable energy, eliminating fossil fuel subsidies and benefitting communities in the North

    RE-ARCTIC: Promoting renewable energy, eliminating fossil fuel subsidies and benefitting communities in the North

    The International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) presented its vision of renewable energy development to the Sustainable Development...

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  • Paper
    Kerosene Subsidies in India

    Kerosene Subsidies in India

    This report analyzes kerosene subsidies received by the state governments through the Public Distribution System.Analysis includes patterns of...

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  • Paper
    India Energy Subsidy Review Issue 1 Volume 2

    India Energy Subsidy Review Issue 1 Volume 2

    This report tracks the most recent national policies on energy subsidies and analyses the government’s subsidy expenditure on different fuels –...

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  • Paper
    The Impact of Fossil-Fuel Subsidies on Renewable Electricity Generation

    The Impact of Fossil-Fuel Subsidies on Renewable Electricity Generation

    Fossil-fuel subsidies are prevalent in many countries.The International Energy Agency (IEA) has estimated that consumer subsidies to fossil fuels...

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  • Paper
    Spatial Distribution of Fossil Fuel Subsidies in India

    Spatial Distribution of Fossil Fuel Subsidies in India

    This report brings to light the Government of India’s spending on fuel subsidies.Patterns of expenditure are broken down by state to reveal which...

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  • Paper
    Reform of Fossil-fuel Subsidies—Nordic Cooperation on fossil-fuel subsidy reform in developing  countries: Assessing options and opportunities

    Reform of Fossil-fuel Subsidies—Nordic Cooperation on fossil-fuel subsidy reform in developing countries: Assessing options and opportunities

    Fossil-fuel subsidies matter.They matter for sustainable development; they matter for government budgets; they matter for the poor who benefit very...

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  • Blog
    A Crash Course on Subsidy Definition by Dante, Shakespeare and Russian Folklore

    A Crash Course on Subsidy Definition by Dante, Shakespeare and Russian Folklore

    Do you know what a subsidy is and what is not? If your answer is a definite “yes”, you are either new to the field or recklessly optimistic.

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