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IISD publishes objective, independent, high-quality research—this includes reports, briefs, guides, and other materials covering sustainable development themes.
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Side-by-side Comparison of the Brazil-Mozambique and Brazil-Angola Cooperation and Investment Facilitation Agreements
Brazil has developed a new model investment agreement, the Cooperation and Investment Facilitation Agreement (CIFA). Unlike traditional bilateral investment treaties (BITs), which are geared towards investor protection, CIFAs focus less on investor protection and more on institutional arrangements and agendas for investment facilitation and cooperation.
G20 subsidies to oil, gas and coal production: Italy
This country study and data sheet compiles public information on fossil fuel production subsidies in Italy in 2013 and 2014.
G20 subsidies to oil, gas and coal production: Indonesia
This country study and data sheet compiles public information on fossil fuel production subsidies in Indonesia in 2013 and 2014.
G20 subsidies to oil, gas and coal production: France
This country study and data sheet compiles public information on fossil fuel production subsidies in France in 2013 and 2014.
Credit Enhancement for Green Projects
Risk mitigation is key to securing private financing. The credit enhancement method provides a medium wherein the exposure for the lending institution is comparatively less and the benefits for the recipient borrower are high.